Rare card
Confounding
- Value
- 50 W
- Attack
- 243
- Defence
- 195
- Players
- 0
In causal inference, confounding is a form of systematic error (or bias) that can distort estimates of causal effects in observational studies. A confounder is traditionally understood to be a variable that (1) independently predicts the outcome (or dependent variable), (2) is associated with the…
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